2010-01-30

REST with Spring 3.0, Spring MVC and Dojo. Part 1 - GET

Introduction


I am going to write a few posts on RESTful application development with Spring 3.0, using Spring MVC, Dojo and Maven. In the first part, I will show you how to create a basic controller and handle a GET request. The rest: DELETE, POST, PUT we will cover later.

I would suggest that - in case you're not very familiar with REST - you read some information about REST, for instance A Brief Introduction to REST from InfoQ or this article on REST conventions.

I am going to use a Maven project in Eclipse Ganymede with the M2Eclipse plugin, the latest development build (0.9.9.200912160759), as the latest production release contains some weird bugs including this annoying bug that seems to be fixed in the development build (it's time to release, guys!).

I am also going to use JBoss 5.1.0 JDK6 and that's why I will put one of the Spring beans files (applicationContext.xml) in the classes folder of the output war which is ugly but it works (it didn't work when I put it in /WEB-INF/; it did work in WebSphere though). Funny that when I called it beans.xml I would actually get an exception from JBoss: javax.inject.DefinitionException: bean not a Java type. Handy, I guess we're getting somewhere with error reporting.

One more thing, I am using Java 1.6 but Java 1.5 will suffice for everything - except for validation where a Java 6 annotation will be used. It is possible to implement your own validation though, it's really up to you. Validation will be shown in the POST and PUT parts. In this post only very basic (type) validation will be shown.

What you will learn


Let us begin! We are going to handle GET requests - in this example two GET requests. One without parameters (it will return all books - books will be sample items in this example) and one with a parameter - book ID. This will allow you to see:

  • How to handle input RESTful parameters with Spring MVC
  • How to return a collection of items
  • How to return a single item

Operation REST method Sample URI
Return item(s) GET /books (all books)
/books/ (all books)
/books/12 (one book with ID = 12)
Create a new item POST (you pass the ID in the object itself)
/books
/books/
Update an item PUT (you pass the ID in the object itself)
/books
/books/
Delete an item DELETE /books/12 (book with ID = 12)

The controller


Let's take a look at our controller class - the controller will handle the requests.

package me.m1key.restsample.controllers;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
// Some imports excluded for brevity, eh?

/**
 * Books controller.
 *
 * @author Michal Huniewicz
 *
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class SampleController {
    // Methods excluded for brevity.
}

This is it, it doesn't have to implement or extend anything. It is only annotated as a controller with the @Controller annotation. It means it can have many actions, like MultiActionController in the old days.

It is also annotated with @RequestMapping. This is where we specify the path which this controlller is to handle. As you will see, the action methods will also be annotated with this to further narrow down the criteria.

Setup


Now, how will Spring know about this Controller? We will tell it specifying certain information, first in the web.xml file.

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
    <display-name>Books REST Handler</display-name>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name>
        <param-value>rest.root</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!-- Servlets -->

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>rest</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>rest</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/rest/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
    <!-- Rest of the file omitted for brevity. -->

</web-app>

In the web.xml file we declare the dispatcher servlet from Spring and we ask the server to load it on startup. We also assign this servlet to a certain path, that is /rest/* preceded by application's context root.

Now, because we specified the servlet name to be rest, we will create one more file next to web.xml (in the /WEB-INF/ folder that is) called rest-servlet.xml. While web.xml is a standard JEE file, this rest-servlet.xml file is a Spring Framework kind of file.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:oxm="http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm/spring-oxm-3.0.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="me.m1key.restsample.controllers" />
    
    <!-- Rest of the file omitted for brevity. -->



And this is how we tell Spring to search for components: with the context:component-scan element that specifies where to look for components in our application. An alternative would be to declare all the beans separately with the bean element.

Controller actions - return all books


What we did so far is we declared a controller, we told the server and Spring about it. It's time to write some actions.

package me.m1key.restsample.controllers;

import java.util.List;

import me.m1key.restsample.Factory;
import me.m1key.restsample.beans.BooksBean;
import me.m1key.restsample.to.BookTO;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

/**
 * Books controller.
 *
 * @author Michal Huniewicz
 *
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class SampleController {

    private static final String BOOKS = "books";

    /**
     * Returns all books.
     *
     * @return all books
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView handleAllBooks() {
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();

        BooksBean booksBean = Factory.getBooksBean();

        List booksTO = booksBean.loadBooks();

        mav.addObject(BOOKS, booksTO);

        return mav;
    }

    // Rest of the code omitted for brevity.

}

Please take a look at the handleAllBooks method. It is annotated with @RequestMapping, like promised. That means that it will handle /books/ (or /books without the trailing backslash slash backslash slash) requests (within the app context root). What it returns is a ModelAndView object, that's it. We use BooksBean to get us the list of all books as controllers shouldn't really contain that kind of logic (see the MVC pattern). In our example BooksBean is just a dummy object, so it doesn't use any data source like it would in a real application.

There are two more things I must mention.

  • You should not call ModelAndView#addObject() more than once because if you do you might get inconsistent results depending on the output format (JSON/XML/...). To be precise, with JSON you would get all the objects no matter how many times you call addObject. With XML - just one. It looks like a bug but Arjen Poutsma was kind enough to explain to me that it isn't.
  • Wait a second, I'm talking JSON, XML, but the code just returns a ModelAndView object... That's right, the Controller is not aware of the output method. Ideally, we should be able to say /rest/books.json and get JSON response, /rest/books.xml and get XML response, /rest/books.html and get HTML response, /rest/books.mp3 and get a bunch of ladies singing the book titles. In this simple application we are going to handle only JSON and XML.

Telling Spring about the output methods we support - XML and JSON


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:oxm="http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm/spring-oxm-3.0.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="me.m1key.restsample.controllers" />

    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
        <property name="messageConverters">
            <list>
                <bean id="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"
                    class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" />
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ContentNegotiatingViewResolver">
        <property name="mediaTypes">
            <map>
                <entry key="json" value="application/json" />
                <entry key="xml" value="application/xml" />
            </map>
        </property>
        <property name="defaultViews">
            <list>
                <bean
                    class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJacksonJsonView" />
                <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.xml.MarshallingView">
                    <constructor-arg>
                        <bean class="org.springframework.oxm.xstream.XStreamMarshaller"
                            p:autodetectAnnotations="false" />
                    </constructor-arg>
                </bean>

            </list>
        </property>
        <property name="defaultContentType" ref="jsonMediaType" />
        <property name="ignoreAcceptHeader" value="false" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="jsonMediaType" class="org.springframework.http.MediaType">
        <constructor-arg value="application/json" />
    </bean>

</beans>

Update 2010-03-31: Ralph Engelmann reported that the last bean definition is not valid as of Spring 3.0.1.RELEASE (see comments below). If you are using this version of later, you must define this bean in the following manner:
<bean id="jsonMediaType" class="org.springframework.http.MediaType">
    <constructor-arg value="application"/>
    <constructor-arg value="json"/>
</bean>
Thanks goes to Ralph.

Whew!

The first part (with AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter) tells Spring which input methods we support (it will be useful when we send objects to the server via REST).

The second part (with ContentNegotiatingViewResolver) tells Spring which output methods we support (in this example, JSON and XML, as you can see).

Below we also define the default (preferred by us) output format. Please note that the client can still ignore it and request another one if available.

Controller actions - return one book by ID


This is going to be a bit more interesting than returning all the books for two reasons:
  • We must handle an entry parameter via REST (the requested book ID).
  • We must handle the situation when the requested book cannot be found.

Let's see the action method.

/**
     * Returns a single book by ID.
     *
     * @param response
     *            response
     * @param bookId
     *            book ID
     * @return single book
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView handleBookById(HttpServletResponse response,
            @PathVariable("id") Long bookId) {
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();

        BooksBean booksBean = Factory.getBooksBean();

        BookTO bookTO = booksBean.loadBookById(bookId);

        mav.addObject(BOOK, bookTO);

        return mav;
    }

Now, with the new RequestMapping annotation we narrow down the query criteria. This mapping will handle /rest/books/1 kind of addresses (preceded by context root). Please note the @PathVariable annotation that binds the variable in the request mapping to the annotated variable.

See the response parameter? It's not used at the moment. Luckily, it doesn't break the method. For now, it would work (handle requests that is) with or without the parameter. We will use it later.

Hm, how does basic parameter validation work? What if I say /rest/books/x? Well, x is not a Long, so I will get a 404 - nice.

But if the book doesn't exist - that's a different story. In my dummy BooksBean I only have two books, so if I say /rest/books/3 the bean method returns an empty object. Not nice. When the book doesn't exist - we want to return a 404. This is why we need the response object. Let's look at the improved action method.

/**
     * Returns a single book by ID.
     *
     * @param response
     *            response
     * @param bookId
     *            book ID
     * @return single book
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView handleBookById(HttpServletResponse response,
            @PathVariable("id") Long bookId) throws IOException {
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();

        BooksBean booksBean = Factory.getBooksBean();

        BookTO bookTO = booksBean.loadBookById(bookId);

        if (bookTO.getId() == null) {
            response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND, "Book "
                    + bookId + " not found.");
        }
        mav.addObject(BOOK, bookTO);

        return mav;
    }

If we detect that the returned book is empty - we write to response a 404 error (SC_NOT_FOUND).

Results


That's quite a post. Let us look at the output XML and JSON.

All books in XML:

<list>
    <me.m1key.restsample.to.BookTO>
        <id>1</id>
        <name>Lord of the Rings</name>
    </me.m1key.restsample.to.BookTO>

    <me.m1key.restsample.to.BookTO>
        <id>2</id>
        <name>My Name Is Red</name>
    </me.m1key.restsample.to.BookTO>
</list>

All books in JSON (I broke it into 3 lines myself for readability):

{"books":
    [{"name":"Lord of the Rings","id":1},
    {"name":"My Name Is Red","id":2}]}

One book in XML:

<me.m1key.restsample.to.BookTO>
    <id>1</id>
    <name>Lord of the Rings</name>
</me.m1key.restsample.to.BookTO>

One book in JSON:

{"book":{"name":"Lord of the Rings","id":1}}


That's it for now. In the next post I will show you how to access this data with Dojo.

Download source code for this article

  1. REST with Spring 3.0, Spring MVC and Dojo. Part 1 - GET
  2. REST with Spring 3.0, Spring MVC and Dojo. Part 2 - GET from Dojo perspective
  3. REST with Spring 3.0, Spring MVC and Dojo. Part 3 - POST and JSR-303 validation
  4. REST with Spring 3.0, Spring MVC and Dojo. Part 4 - PUT (updating objects)
  5. REST with Spring 3.0, Spring MVC and Dojo. Part 5 - DELETE

233 comments:

  1. Hello, your Post helped my a lot. But your "jsonMediaType" Bean did not work for me (Spring 3.0.1.RELEASE), i get an IllegalArgumentException: Invalid token character '/' in token "application/json". I have changed it to:

    so it works for me.

    Best Regards

    ReplyDelete
  2. Sorry: i have some troulbe with the xml: I changed the "jsonMediaType" bean configuration to use the 2 parameter constructor:

    first parameter (index="0") value="application",

    second parameter (index="1") value="json"

    ReplyDelete
  3. Hey Ralph, thanks for your comment.

    I just checked my project and "application/json" works without any problems - however my org.springframework.http.MediaType bean is Spring 3.0.0.RELEASE so that might be the reason.

    I will download the source for 3.0.1.RELEASE and compare it to 3.0.0.RELEASE and let you know if I find anything out.

    ReplyDelete
  4. OK, found it!

    This, indeed, is a change in 3.0.1, that's why I didn't have this problem.

    Thanks for pointing it out and here you can find a little bit of explanation by Arjen Poutsma (post #3):
    http://forum.springsource.org/showthread.php?t=85004

    Best regards.

    ReplyDelete
  5. This may seem like a dumb question, but... the XML version of the returned bean is fairly ghastly compared to the JSON, i.e.

    <me.m1key.restsample.to.BookTO>
    <id>1</id>
    <name>Lord of the Rings</name>
    </me.m1key.restsample.to.BookTO>

    compared to

    {"book":{"name":"Lord of the Rings","id":1}}

    Is there any simple way to get the XML to look like this?:

    <book>
    <id>1</id>
    <name>Lord of the Rings</name>
    </book>

    The clients I want to use this output don't really give a damn what Java wants to call the bean!

    ReplyDelete
  6. Nello, perhaps this could be of some help:






    org.springframework.oxm.xstream.Flight



    ...



    (http://docs.huihoo.com/spring/spring-web-services/1.0/oxm.html)

    ReplyDelete
  7. Uh oh. It lost my XML.

    [bean id="xstreamMarshaller" class="org.springframework.oxm.xstream.XStreamMarshaller"]
    [property name="aliases"]
    [props]
    [prop key="Flight">org.springframework.oxm.xstream.Flight[/prop]
    [/props]
    [/property]
    [/bean]

    ReplyDelete
  8. Thanks for that!

    I did find a reference to the XStreamMarshaller alias stuff eventually after my post above, but it doesn't fly under GAE. I have moved to using Castor ( http://www.castor.org ), which is a bit more complex to configure but works for me.

    ReplyDelete
  9. Nello,

    I'm happy to hear that. Thanks for visiting. :)

    ReplyDelete
  10. Mój problem polega na tym, że skonfigurowałem wszystko jak na obrazku, a mimo to w odpowiedzi kontener szuka mi jsp, a nie jsona. Masz na to jakąś radę?

    ReplyDelete
  11. [PL] Moim zdaniem to problem z view resolverem. Czy Twoj plik XML ma poprawna nazwe (nazwa servletu + "-servlet.xml")?
    Daj znac. :)

    [EN] Problem: Spring tries to find JSP instead of JSON.
    My Idea: It's a problem with the view resolver or your servlet.xml file has an incorrect name (servlet name + "-servlet.xml").

    ReplyDelete
  12. Thank you very much for this article! It helped me a lot.

    ReplyDelete
  13. Thank you, very good article. i am a bit stuck with the json i am receiving and adding that list to existing select box, can you help?

    ReplyDelete
  14. Hi there, what is wrong with your JSON response?

    ReplyDelete
  15. Hi, Mike - This example doesn't work for me. I created a war file from the sample given by you, but its giving me a 404 error on browser. Please help.
    - Rahul

    ReplyDelete
  16. I am using this url - http://localhost:8080/rest/books/1 as the servlet name is rest in web.xml. Let me know if i am making any mistake or else i can provide you the war file that i created. I'm publishing this on tomcat 6

    ReplyDelete
  17. Hi Rahul, I think you need to provide the war name in the URL as well. So, for a war file called rahul.war - http://localhost:8080/rahul/rest/books/1

    ReplyDelete
  18. Hi,

    First thanks for this post. But still i am having some question. I have created the controller and bean class and used DOJO to submit and fetch the data from server. But i was not able to do that but after changing the dojo code with your it is working as expected please review my dojo code and let me know what i am doing wrong.
    My Dojo Code (Not working)

    function sendForm() {
    var myForm = dijit.byId("myFormTwo");
    content: dojo.toJson(myForm.attr("value")),
    dojo.xhrPost({

    // The URL of the request
    url: "http://localhost:8080/DOJO_AJAX/updateContact.do",
    //content: dojo.formToJson(myFormTwo),
    //content: {"id":"1","name":"viveka gautam","mobile":"0067392109"},
    headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json"},
    content: dojo.toJson(myForm.attr("value")),

    //form: dojo.byId("myFormTwo"),
    // Handle the result as JSON data
    handleAs: "json",
    // The success handler
    load: function(jsonData) {
    var content = "";
    },
    // The error handler
    error: function() {
    }
    });
    }
    ###################

    Dojo code working(as taken from your example)

    function saveBook() {
    var newBook = {
    "id":1,"name":"name1"
    };
    var myForm = dijit.byId("myFormTwo");
    //content: dojo.toJson(myForm.attr("value")),
    var actualContent = dojo.toJson(myForm.attr("value"));
    //var actualContent = dojo.toJson(newBook);
    debugger;
    //Save.
    var deferred = this._request("rawXhrPost", {
    url: "http://localhost:8080/DOJO_AJAX/updateContact.do",
    handleAs: "json",
    postData: actualContent,
    headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json"}
    });
    deferred.addCallback(this, function(value) {
    alert("Retrieved " + value.name);
    });
    deferred.addErrback(this, function(value) {
    alert("Error: " + value);
    });
    }

    Please let me know what is wrong with the first code. after changing this code only everything is working find so there seeme to be some problem with my dojo code.

    Thanks

    ReplyDelete
  19. Gautam, I would provide an actual error handler to see what's wrong. Yours is empty.

    ReplyDelete
  20. I have exactly same configuration as above and I am testing using firefox-RESTClient and with that .json works fine however when i pass application/xml ,i receive json response.

    ReplyDelete
  21. Good tutorial.
    But please can you tell me what modifications I would have to do if I had to pull the data from database instead of using XML file (say I want to use spring jpa for example).
    Thanks.
    Kwame.

    ReplyDelete
  22. Nice blog! This blog giving very useful information. Thanks for sharing with us.

    Dot Net Training in Chennai
    Java Training in Chennai

    ReplyDelete
  23. Your post about technology was very helpful to me. Very clear step-by-step instructions. I appreciate your hard work and thanks for sharing.
    Data Science Course in Chennai
    Machine Learning Course in Chennai

    ReplyDelete
  24. Thanks for one marvelous posting! I enjoyed reading it; you are a great author. I will make sure to bookmark your blog and may come back someday. I want to encourage that you continue your great posts, have a nice weekend!
    Data Science Training in Chennai

    ReplyDelete
  25. Thanks for such a great article here. I was searching for something like this for quite a long time and at last I’ve found it on your blog. It was definitely interesting for me to read  about their market situation nowadays.
    Click here:
    Angularjs training in chennai

    Click here:
    angularjs training in bangalore

    Click here:
    angularjs training in online

    Click here:
    angularjs training in Annanagar

    ReplyDelete
  26. This is such a good post. One of the best posts that I\'ve read in my whole life. I am so happy that you chose this day to give me this. Please, continue to give me such valuable posts. Cheers!
    Click here:
    Microsoft azure training in velarchery
    Click here:
    Microsoft azure training in sollinganallur
    Click here:
    Microsoft azure training in btm
    Click here:
    Microsoft azure training in rajajinagar

    ReplyDelete
  27. Very nice post here and thanks for it .I always like and such a super contents of these post.Excellent and very cool idea and great content of different kinds of the valuable information's.
    Good discussion. Thank you.
    Anexas
    Six Sigma Training in Abu Dhabi
    Six Sigma Training in Dammam
    Six Sigma Training in Riyadh

    ReplyDelete
  28. All the points you described so beautiful. Every time i read your i blog and i am so surprised that how you can write so well.
    java interview questions and answers | core java interview questions and answers

    java training in tambaram | java training in velachery

    ReplyDelete
  29. Thanks for the good words! Really appreciated. Great post. I’ve been commenting a lot on a few blogs recently, but I hadn’t thought about my approach until you brought it up. 
    Data Science Training in Chennai | Data Science training in anna nagar
    Data Science training in chennai | Data science training in Bangalore
    Data Science training in marathahalli | Data Science training in btm

    ReplyDelete
  30. Outstanding blog thanks for sharing such wonderful blog with us ,after long time came across such knowlegeble blog. keep sharing such informative blog with us.
    Machine learning training in chennai
    best training insitute for machine learning
    machine learning training in velachery
    Android Training Course Fees
    Best PMP Training in Chennai

    ReplyDelete
  31. Outstanding blog thanks for sharing such wonderful blog with us ,after long time came across such knowlegeble blog. keep sharing such informative blog with us.

    machine learning training in velachery

    top institutes for machine learning in chennai

    ReplyDelete
  32. Given so much info in it, The list of your blogs are very helpful for those who want to learn more interesting facts. Keeps the users interest in the website, and keep on sharing more
    Our Credo Systemz Which is designed to offer you OpenStack Training skills required to kick-start your journey as an OpenStack Cloud Administrator.
    Please free to call us @ +91 9884412301 / 9600112302

    openstack training in Chennai | Openstack certification course in chennai | openstack certification training in Chennai | openstack training in chennai velachery

    ReplyDelete
  33. Nice blog..! I really loved reading through this article. Thanks for sharing such a
    amazing post with us and keep blogging... AngularJS Training in Chennai | Best AngularJS Training Institute in Chennai

    ReplyDelete
  34. Thanks for give a wonderful experience while reading this blog.
    Selenium Training Program in Chennai

    ReplyDelete
  35. Thanks for giving great kind of information. So useful and practical for me. Thanks for your excellent blog, nice work keep it up thanks for sharing the knowledge.

    AWS Training in Chennai

    ReplyDelete
  36. Wow!! Really a nice Article. Thank you so much for your efforts. Definitely, it will be helpful for others. I would like to follow your blog. Share more like this. Thanks Again.
    iot training in Chennai | Best iot Training Institute in Chennai

    ReplyDelete
  37. Online casino for everyone, come in and win now only we have the best online slots The best online slots we have.

    ReplyDelete
  38. Nice blog..! I really loved reading through this article. Thanks for sharing such a
    amazing post with us and keep blogging... Best React js training near me | React js training online

    ReplyDelete
  39. Thanks for such a great article here. I was searching for something like this for quite a long time and at last, I’ve found it on your blog. It was definitely interesting for me to read about their market situation nowadays.angularjs best training center in chennai | angularjs training in velachery | angularjs training in chennai

    ReplyDelete
  40. Very Clear Explanation. Thank you to share this

    Data Science With R

    ReplyDelete
  41. I wish to say that this post is amazing, nice written and include approximately all important infos. I would like to see more posts like this
    Regards,
    Python Training in Chennai | Python Programming Classes | Python Classes in Chennai

    ReplyDelete
  42. I read this post two times, I like it so much, please try to keep posting & Let me introduce other material that may be good for our community.
    Microsoft Azure online training
    Selenium online training
    Java online training
    Python online training
    uipath online training

    ReplyDelete
  43. This is really too useful and have more ideas and keep sharing many techniques. Eagerly waiting for your new blog keep doing more.
    Regards,
    Tableau training in Chennai | Tableau Courses Training in Chennai | Tableau training Institute in Chennai

    ReplyDelete
  44. Thank you for allowing me to read it, welcome to the next in a recent article. And thanks for sharing the nice article, keep posting or updating news article.
    oneplus service centre chennai
    oneplus service centre
    oneplus mobile service center in chennai

    ReplyDelete
  45. The best and powerfull dua for love back and love marraige is Duas in islam use this dua and solve your love problems.

    ReplyDelete
  46. Informative. It’s not easy to get such quality information online nowadays.Great going.

    Inplant Training in Chennai
    Inplant Training
    Inplant Training in Chennai for IT

    ReplyDelete

  47. Amazing article. Your blog helped me to improve myself in many ways thanks for sharing this kind of wonderful informative blogs in live.
    javascript training in chennai | javascript training institute in chennai | javascript course in chennai | javascript certification in chennai | best javascript training in chennai

    ReplyDelete
  48. Amazing article. Your blog helped me to improve myself in many ways thanks for sharing this kind of wonderful informative blogs in live.
    IT Institute in KK nagar | dot net training in chennai | dot net training institute in chennai | dot net course in chennai | .NET Training Center in Chennai

    ReplyDelete
  49. شركة عزل خزانات بالمدينة المنورة
    سيدي العميل يجب عليكَ أن تحتفظ على خزان المياه خصتكَ من خلال القيام بعملية التنظيف بشكل دوري كما يجب عليكِ أن تقوم بعملية عزل الخزانات حتى تحافز على عمر الخزان من العوامل الخارجية التي يمكن أن يتعرض لها، ولا يوجد أفضل من شركة عزل خزانات بالمندينة المنورة لكي تقدم لكَ أفضل خدمات عزل خزانات بالمدينة المنورة، حيث ان الشركة تعتمد على المهندسين والفنين الحاصلين على شهادات الخبرة من أكبر الشركات التي تعمل في مجال تركيب عزل خزانات بالمدينة المنورة، إضافة إلى اجود الخامات التي تستخدمها الشركة التي لا تتعرض لأي ضرر على مدجار السنوات.

    ReplyDelete
  50. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  51. I Got Job in my dream company with decent 12 Lacks Per Annum Salary, I have learned this world most demanding course out there in the current IT Market from the python Training in bangalore Providers who helped me a lot to achieve my dreams comes true. Really worth trying.

    ReplyDelete
  52. Nice Blog, I have get enough information from your blog and I appreciate your way of writing.
    Hope you are sharing the same in future. Fine way of telling, and pleasant post.
    With thanks! Valuable information! Useful post, Nice info!
    Thanks a lot for sharing it, that’s truly has added a lot to our knowledge about this topic. Have a more success ful day. Amazing write-up, always find something interesting.
    Thanks
    BBL T20 Prediction
    CBTF Winner Prediction
    Session Lambi pari Prediction
    match predictions today
    cricket match prediction 100 sure
    BBL Match Predictor
    2020 IPL13 T20 Tips
    Cricket Winner Tips


    bhaijiking tips
    who will win today match prediction
    cbtf guru
    expertipsfree
    cbtf.biz BBL T20 reports

    ReplyDelete
  53. Assignment help is given the full vocation lift to the understudies in which we control the understudies to make the correct stride throughout everyday life and show signs of improvement opportunity throughout everyday life.
    assignment help

    ReplyDelete
  54. In this technical domain, the presence of HP printer has been seen everywhere as it is highly recommended for taking the quality printout. On the controversial side, a great number of users face some technical issue while operating the printing command. There has not seen any substantial change even though you find quite variation in the matter of HP printer type. It is not a big concern that you are using the laser and ink-jet printer. The one and only thing expected from you end is access the high density printout only. Lastly, it is advised to stay on our third party professional team and make sold improvement in its functionality through dialing hp printer tech support number. We guarantee this fact that you cannot come in the contact of failure now and then as you can treatment with us. It is your wish when to call our expert for error removal. For taking comprehensive information, you can surf our website.

    ReplyDelete
  55. Wondering how to configure a new printer on your iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch or Android mobile device? Just download the Canon PRINT App, hit your printer’s Wireless Connect button and the data stored on your phone, including your Wi-Fi name and password, will automatically be shared allowing the overall setup process quicker and easier than ever. There are different methods to set up the canon printer in different versions of the printer. If you want to know the Canon printer setup guide, contact our experts. They will give you the easiest steps to do so. Just dial our toll-free number and talk with the experts. The best part is that you can call round the clock.
    canon setup
    Canon error code 5b00
    Canon B200 Error
    Canon Wireless Printer Setup
    Connect Canon Printer To Wi-Fi
    Canon printer offline
    canon pixma mx490
    canon ts3122
    canon printer reset
    Canon Printer Setup

    ReplyDelete
  56. Whenever your Epson printer is unable to make communication with your computer then you will see an offline error with it. Isn’t it very annoying to see your Epson Printer Offline particularly when you needed to print something straight away? If you find out that your Epson printer is offline or stopped functioning as it should be then you need to take assistance from skilled professionals. In order to make connection with these experts, you have to make a call at toll-free number and join hands with them. So, don’t waste your further time just get hold of skilled professionals and bring back your printer online.
    Epson Support
    Epson Printer Support
    www.epson.com/support
    Epson error code 0x10
    Epson connect printer setup utility

    ReplyDelete
  57. Apart from the several amazing features of HP printers sometimes users may come across several errors which usually happen unexpectedly. One of the issues that are creating issue for many users is Printer Is In An Error State. There are a number of aspects which may be the reason that your machine showing in error state such as, print settings or some issues with the product itself. Just don’t take stress if you stumble upon with this issue. Simply put a call on helpline number and take help from the deft professionals to be acquainted with the proper measures that can solve this issue. https://www.hpprintersupportpro.com/blog/facing-issue-hp-printer-in-error-state-connect-with-out-experts/
    printer is in an error state
    printer in error state
    hp printer is in error state
    hp printer in error state
    printer in an error state
    hp printer is in an error state
    hp printer troubleshooting

    ReplyDelete
  58. Very nice!!! This is really good blog information thanks for sharing. We are a reliable third party Quickbooks update error 404 company offering technical support for various any types of technical errors.

    ReplyDelete
  59. Fix technical breakdown of all your electronics and appliances at Geek Squad Support. Reach the certified experts at Geek Squad Support for fixing any kind of technical bug with your devices. Best of services and assistance assured at support.

    ReplyDelete
  60. To setup Epson printer wirelessly on Windows 10, you should first connect the printer to the wireless or Wi-Fi network, and then download and install the accurate driver and software for your Windows operating system. If you are unable to understand the Epson Wireless Printer Setup procedure, you are suggested to without wasting a single minute give a ring on helpline number. One of our professional techies will instantly respond your call and provide you top-notch solution in an efficient way at doorstep.
    Epson Printer Error Code 0x97

    Epson Error Code 0x97

    Epson windows service disabled error

    Epson error code 0xf1

    Epson wireless printer setup

    Epson printer offline

    Epson Printer in error state

    Epson Support

    Epson Printer Support
    Epson Printer Not Printing
    Epson Printer Setup
    Epson 0x97 fix patch

    ReplyDelete
  61. Social media marketing play a very crucial role in the marketing plans of hotels. Social media marketing has facilitated hotels with two-way communication with their clients about their services and property.
    Effects of social media marketing

    ReplyDelete
  62. when you want to check the live train data get from here

    ReplyDelete
  63. Panda Antivirus Support, Panda Antivirus Tech Support, Panda Antivirus Upgrade, Panda Antivirus Help, Repair Panda Antivirus, Fix Panda Antivirus Problems, Panda Antivirus Installation, Panda Antivirus Removal, Panda Antivirus Technical Support.
    visit here.
    https://www.justhelppro.com/panda-antivirus-technical-support/

    ReplyDelete
  64. Calling Quicken customer service faster by Get Human we also partner with a US-based live technical support firm that can I found your ad for Quicken on your website and Contact now for Quiken support issue. Quiken supportCustomer Support Number 1-856-269-2666 for instant resolve issues
    visit here..
    https://www.zedillon.com/quicken-premier-for-mac/

    ReplyDelete
  65. Great post! I am actually getting ready to across this information, is very helpful my friend. Also great blog here with all of the valuable information you have. Keep up the good work you are doing here.
    Advertising Agency
    3d Animation Services
    Branding services
    Web Design Services in Chennai
    Advertising Company in Chennai

    ReplyDelete
  66. Thank you for valuable information.I am privilaged to read this post.aws training in bangalore

    ReplyDelete
  67. Looking for Best Alkaline Water Ionizer Machine in Faridabad, India? Chanson Water is one of best quality Alkaline Water Machine Manufacturers in India.

    For More Information Visit Us:
    Water ionizer machine
    Alkaline water machine india
    alkaline water ionizer machine in india
    Alkaline water machine
    Water ionizer India

    ReplyDelete
  68. Quero levar os serviços de hospedagem Windows para o meu site, mas não tenho conhecimento sobre seus recursos e vantagens. Até agora, eu não tomei nenhum tipo de serviço de hospedagem, por isso estou muito confuso sobre as soluções
    alojamento windows. Eu tenho uma confusão sobre o Windows hospedagem que é mais confiável e seguro do que outras soluções de hospedagem.

    ReplyDelete
  69. Bharat CSP Agents are those individuals who acts as an agent of the bank at places where it is not possible to open branch of the bank.

    CSP Program
    Top CSP Provider in India
    Apply for CSP

    ReplyDelete
  70. Nice post !! i am looking for this kind of posts form last many days .thanks for share it with us DVC Resale

    ReplyDelete
  71. هل أنت مهتم بتوسيع نطاق عملك خارج المنطقة المحلية؟ بالتأكيد ، هناك العديد من الخيارات لمواصلة الإعلان عبر الإنترنت في الإمارات العربية المتحدة. في ذلك الوقت ، من الجيد الانضمام إلى شركتنا المرشحة المشار إليها باسم وكالة إعلانات الأعلى في دبي لإجراء خطة التسويق الخاصة بك على نحو فعال. نحن نعمل في هذا العمل لفترة طويلة ونقدم خدمة إعلانية حقيقية وفقًا لرغبة العميل. خدماتنا الإعلانية عبر الإنترنت مفيدة لتطوير أعمالك. لا تتردد في التواصل مع شركتنا

    ReplyDelete
  72. Thank you I read your articles and it is such a good article for me and it gave me more information which can help me more and more please keep sharing more articles which can help me.

    Technosysfuture is my company name it is the best website development company in Dwarka which can build your website very useful way If you want to build your website soo please join our company in Dwarka my company is Technosys future.
    Here we help you to learn Web development and SEO, Digital marketing. best web development in dwakra

    ReplyDelete
  73. http://blog.m1key.me/2010/01/rest-with-spring-30-spring-mvc-and-dojo.html

    ReplyDelete
  74. I’m a professional and certified QuickBooks expert, having many years of experience of handling different types of QuickBooks efficiently. If you’re encountering by QuickBooks Error 15106, I, and my team can help you to fix your this error within a few seconds. Our QuickBooks experts are very proficient for resolving in the right ways.

    ReplyDelete
  75. Thanks for sharing it.I got Very valuable information from your blog.your post is really very Informative.I’m satisfied with the information that you provide for me.Nice post. By reading your blog, i get inspired and this provides some useful information.One of the best blogs that I have read till now.

    best amazon web services training in pune | advanced aws training in pune

    ReplyDelete
  76. Very useful and information content has been shared out here, Thanks for sharing it.

    Regards : Best Software Testing Course in Pune with 100% Placement

    ReplyDelete
  77. For any HP Printer Offline or HP Wireless Printer Offline issues, we are your best help. Reach us at our helpline and get your HP printer back to online.

    ReplyDelete
  78. azure training Pretty article! I found some useful information in your blog, it was awesome to read, thanks for sharing this great content to my vision, keep sharing.

    ReplyDelete
  79. Our customer care executives stay available 24x7 and provide unmatched online dissertation help. The professionals provide top-notch assistance every time you place an order with us.

    ReplyDelete
  80. And indeed, I’m just always astounded concerning the remarkable things served by you. Some four facts on this page are undeniably the most effective I’ve had. keep it up guys.
    Ai & Artificial Intelligence Course in Chennai
    PHP Training in Chennai
    Ethical Hacking Course in Chennai Blue Prism Training in Chennai
    UiPath Training in Chennai

    ReplyDelete
  81. Computer Science is one of the toughest thing to study. but its also have high career opportunity.

    please connect Database Assignment Help to get yours.

    ReplyDelete
  82. Very interesting blog Thank you for sharing such a nice and interesting blog and really very helpful article.

    Workday Training in Bangalore

    Best Workday Training Institutes in Bangalore


    ReplyDelete
  83. Such a very useful article. Very interesting to read this article.I would like to thank you for the efforts you had made for writing this awesome article.

    DevOps Online Training

    DevOps Classes Online

    DevOps Training Online

    Online DevOps Course

    DevOps Course Online

    ReplyDelete
  84. The global Engineering Services Outsourcing Market size was estimated at USD 316.78 billion in 2019 and anticipated to witness a CAGR of 29.2% over the forecast period. Increased tie-ups between automotive Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and engineering services outsourcing (ESO) providers is the key factor driving the market.

    ReplyDelete
  85. This comprehensive alignment combines elements of the front-end and thrust-angle alignments and also positions the rear axle angles. A four-wheel alignment is typically for four-wheel and all-wheel drive vehicles and front-wheel drive cars with adjustable/independent rear suspensions.

    The Retail Banking Decision Making sub-practice combines this Retail banking expertise with our deep content expertise in Finance and Risk topics to support clients in making better decisions in lead generation, credit decision making and ongoing customer management.

    Every School, College or Training Centre needs to identify the present year with an Academic Session which is similar to a Financial Year in Accounting Terms. This assistances you and the system to identify a cycle for your academic institution.

    Even with less-than-ideal circumstances in the tech market today, the industry remains positive. As IHS Markit looks ahead to 2020, they believe that there are many positive signs in the distance. Although technology firms have reported that their projections for growth in demand have reduced, they’re still very upbeat about their plans for capital expenditure.

    Whether you’re an independent travel writer or blogger, or just simply love writing about travel, we’d love to have you share your ideas and insights with the audience here at The Roads You Travel. Get creative, submit a guest post at Holiday Takeoff and get your name out there!

    ReplyDelete
  86. Very informative blog! i liked it and was very helpful for me.Thanks for sharing. Do share more ideas regularly.
    DevOps Training in Chennai

    DevOps Course in Chennai


    ReplyDelete
  87. Recuperation not working coming about in Unlock Yahoo Account disappointment? Arrive at help focus.

    To battle the Unlock Yahoo Account issue, you can utilize the recuperation choices. In any case, in the event that the choice isn't working, at that point you should connect with the assistance place and utilize a few FAQs that could prove to be useful or you can likewise explore to the tech help destinations for getting the issue settled.

    ReplyDelete
  88. Certainly, it is an unrivaled choice than address would I have the choice to send cash from Paypal to Cash App? Here a couple out of each odd individual likes to use alone versatile cash related application, they use anything they need as showed up by their necessities. Consequently, here creation a trade beginning with one application then onto coming up next is a remarkable plan to fulfill everyone's necessities.


    ReplyDelete
  89. A well popular name Arlo is now available as the Arlo app for PC, one can easily get it by downloading it. When it comes to the mind of people as they are concerned about safety and protection. The diverse features of this camera have gained the confidence of people in very little time duration by providing different kinds of benefits to its users. This device has various specializations such as video monitoring, audio monitoring, capturing the images in HD quality with high resolution. Download Arlo PC App any time to your device, and it will help you to see things on a wider screen.

    ReplyDelete
  90. Cool stuff you have and you keep overhaul every one of us
    data scientist course delhi

    ReplyDelete
  91. The tabs are answerable for an assortment of capacities in the application. Thusly, in case you're not ready to utilize the tab and can't Cash App direct deposit, at that point you can get the help by reaching the assistance cap and utilizing the investigating methods. You can likewise call the client care for help.

    ReplyDelete
  92. How can you Talk to a Cash App Representative to ask is it completely secure?

    Cash app works better to keep you and your data safer including SSN, PIN, Touch ID, Face ID, and so on It is basically utilized for verification ensure payment. Square app ties down your data to shield it from any hacking. You have to guarantee that, you won't share your information with anyone. For additional information, don't hesitate to Talk to a Cash App Representative.

    ReplyDelete
  93. If there was somewhere to provide feedback on the quality of your work I would be glad to provide one for your programming assignment help service. Since I have not seen any place then I am just going to write here. I loved how the Programming Coursework Help lessons were handled. The python assignment help tutor you assigned me simplified programming for me and made me love it. He was available for daily tuition and never got tired of my never-ending questions and because of that i would love you to assign me a C++ Assignment help tutor who can make me understand C++ even better. I also have two other classmates who need assistance as well. One needs a Java Assignment help tutor because his grades were moving on a downward trend. The second one needs a C Assignment help tutor to make him understand this programming language even better.

    ReplyDelete

  94. Deleting your cash app account
    is very easy if you have the app open. You won’t even need to log in! Once you’ve cashed out, tap the account menu icon. This will look like an avatar on any other social media site you’re familiar with. This brings up a full menu of options — tap “Support,” which is indicated by a question mark icon. This brings up a menu of options — tap “Something Else.”

    ReplyDelete
  95. There are various reasons behind the arrival of the problems you might face when you try to Get Money Off Cash App Without Card. However, you don’t need to worry at all you can get in touch with the techies who work 24 hours a day to help you out. Apart from this, you can also fetch some tips and tricks to do the same.

    ReplyDelete
  96. It would not be wrong to state that you might face some sorts of technical issue when you try to send money from your Apple Pay To Cash App account. All you need is a common bank account that must be connected to your Cash app account along with Apple Pay account. Once you ensure it, you can easily make transactions easily.

    ReplyDelete
  97. The left columns are nominal GDP (and its components) and the right half represents real GDP (chained 2012 dollars) buy personal statement online

    ReplyDelete
  98. Having a cash app refund?
    Do you require some technical guidance on fixing the issues?
    Just connect with the technical support team for solving all your technical glitches. Through this, you’ll be able to get a refund, and cancellation issues are solved instantly. Experts of the cash app team help to rid of the problems in no time.
    Cash app Refund

    ReplyDelete
  99. Great with detailed information. It is really very helpful for us.
    Village Talkies a top-quality professional corporate video production company in Bangalore and also best explainer video company in Bangalore & animation video makers in Bangalore, Chennai, India & Maryland, Baltimore, USA provides Corporate & Brand films, Promotional, Marketing videos & Training videos, Product demo videos, Employee videos, Product video explainers, eLearning videos, 2d Animation, 3d Animation, Motion Graphics, Whiteboard Explainer videos Client Testimonial Videos, Video Presentation and more for all start-ups, industries, and corporate companies. From scripting to corporate video production services, explainer & 3d, 2d animation video production , our solutions are customized to your budget, timeline, and to meet the company goals and objectives.
    As a best video production company in Bangalore, we produce quality and creative videos to our clients.
    Village Talkies a top-quality professional corporate video production company in Bangalore and also best explainer video company in Bangalore & animation video makers in Bangalore, Chennai, India & Maryland, Baltimore, USA provides Corporate & Brand films, Promotional, Marketing videos & Training videos, Product demo videos, Employee videos, Product video explainers, eLearning videos, 2d Animation, 3d Animation, Motion Graphics, Whiteboard Explainer videos Client Testimonial Videos, Video Presentation and more for all start-ups, industries, and corporate companies. From scripting to corporate video production services, explainer & 3d, 2d animation video production , our solutions are customized to your budget, timeline, and to meet the company goals and objectives.
    As a best video production company in Bangalore, we produce quality and creative videos to our clients.

    ReplyDelete
  100. For accurate and precision technical writing, Acadecraft Australia is the best pick. At Acadecraft, professional technical writers possess a high-level understanding of technical concepts like computer programming, software, and cybersecurity. Decipher technical aspects by availingtechnical writing servicesand narrow down them in simpler words to educate the masses. Click here to receive high-quality technical writing pieces from our experts. technical writing agency

    ReplyDelete